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"Type Ia supernova discoveries at z
> 1 from the Hubble Space Telescope: Evidence for past deceleration
and constraints on dark
energy evolution,"
by Adam G. Riess and 18 others, Astrophysical
Journal, 607(2): 665-87, 1 June 2004.
[Authors' affiliations: 8 U.S. and European
institutions]
Abstract:
"We have discovered 16 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with the Hubble
Space Telescope (HST) and have used them to provide the first
conclusive evidence for cosmic deceleration that preceded the current epoch of
cosmic acceleration. These objects, discovered during the course of the GOODS
ACS Treasury program, include 6 of the 7 highest redshift SNe Ia known, all at
z > 1.25, and populate the Hubble diagram in unexplored territory. The
luminosity distances to these objects and to 170 previously reported SNe Ia
have been determined using empirical relations between light-curve shape and
luminosity. A purely kinematic interpretation of the SN Ia sample provides
evidence at the greater than 99% confidence level for a transition from
deceleration to acceleration or, similarly, strong evidence for a cosmic jerk.
Using a simple model of the expansion history, the transition between the two
epochs is constrained to be at z = 0.46 +/- 0.13. The data are consistent with
the cosmic concordance model of Omega(M) approximate to 0.3;
Omega(Lambda) approximate to 0.7 (chi(dof)(2) = 1.06) and are inconsistent
with a simple model of evolution or dust as an alternative to dark energy. For
a flat universe with a cosmological constant, we measure Omega(M) =
0.29 +/- 0.05 (equivalently, Omega(Lambda) = 0.71). When combined with
external flat-universe constraints, including the cosmic microwave background
and large-scale structure, we find w = -1.02+/-(0.13)(0.19) (and w <
-0.76 at the 95% confidence level) for an assumed static equation of state of dark
energy, P = wρc(2). Joint constraints on both the recent
equation of state of dark energy, w(0), and its time evolution, dw/dz,
are a factor of &SIM;8 more precise than the first estimates and twice as
precise as those without the SNe Ia discovered with HST. Our
constraints are consistent with the static nature of and value of w expected
for a cosmological constant (i.e., w(0) = -1.0, dw/dz = 0) and are
inconsistent with very rapid evolution of dark energy. We address consequences
of evolving dark energy for the fate of the universe."
This 2004 report from Astrophysical
Journal was cited 53 times in current journal articles
indexed by Thomson Scientific during September-October 2005. No other physics
paper published in the last two years, aside from reviews, collected more
citations during that two-month period. Prior to the most recent bimonthly
count, citations to the paper have accrued as follows:
July-August 2005: 30 citations
May-June 2005: 43
March-April 2005: 22
January-February 2005: 34
November-December 2004: 19
September-October 2004: 11
July-August 2004: 1
Total citations to date: 213
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