Many academicians view organizations as inherently political
arenas. In this regard, it is assumed that although performance,
effectiveness, and career success are determined in part by
intelligence and hard work, other factors such as social astuteness,
positioning, and savvy also play important roles. Although
considerable research has examined organizational politics, a serious
omission has been the failure to evaluate the political skill of the
influencer, leaving us uninformed about why politics or influence
efforts are (or are not) successful. It is insufficient to study the
particular influence tactics or political behaviors that reflect the
"what" of influence. We also need to critically examine the
political skill of the influencer in order to understand the
"how" of influence, or the successful selection of influence
tactics and their effective execution.
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“…the program of research we have underway focuses on the nature of political skill and how it can contribute to influence and effectiveness in the workplace.”
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So, the program of research we have underway focuses on the nature
of political skill and how it can contribute to influence and
effectiveness in the workplace. We define political skill as the
ability to effectively understand others at work, and to use such
knowledge to influence others to act in ways that enhance one’s
personal and/or organizational objectives. Therefore, individuals high
in political skill combine social astuteness with the capacity to
adjust behavior to changing situational expectations in a way that
appears to be sincere, inspires support and trust, and effectively
influences and controls the responses of others.
We see two principal directions for future research on political
skill. First, political skill should be a main effect predictor of job
performance and career progress. Furthermore, a related area for
future work concerns the nature of leader political skill, and its
effects on followers. Second, political skill should serve as a
potentially important moderator that should facilitate the
effectiveness of influence tactics on performance. Furthermore, we
would expect to see political skill act as a moderator of the stress–strain
relationship, serving as an antidote of sorts, as some of our research
already has reported, whereby strain reactions to workplace stressors
are neutralized for high political skill individuals but result in
negative consequences for those low in political skill.
Recently, I wrote a book on political skill and its applications to
job performance, career progress and promotions, reputation
development, and leadership, which will be published by Davies-Black
Publishing in July 2005. In this book, we examine how political skill
manifests itself in work settings, and just how and why it can
position individuals well to be effective and successful.
Gerald R. Ferris, Ph.D.
Department of Management
College of Business
Florida State University
Tallahassee, FL, USA